Maqasid al-Syariah sebagai Basis Epistemologis Integrasi Ilmu dan Hukum Islam di Era Modern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/qb.v3i1.1198Keywords:
Maqasid Al-Syariah, Epistemologi, Integrasi Ilmu, Hukum Islam, Ijtihad Kontemporer, Kecerdasan Buatan, Interdisiplin-TransdisiplinAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji Maqasid al-Syariah sebagai basis epistemologis integrasi ilmu dan hukum Islam di era modern, sebagai respons terhadap krisis epistemologis yang muncul akibat fragmentasi disiplin keilmuan dan kegersangan pendekatan tekstual-formalis dalam hukum Islam kontemporer. Konteks era modern yang ditandai oleh revolusi digital, kecerdasan buatan, dan kompleksitas sosial-ekonomi global menuntut rekonstruksi epistemologi hukum Islam yang mampu menjembatani dimensi normatif teks suci dengan dinamika empirik kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian pustaka dan analisis filosofis-epistemologis. Kerangka teoretis dibangun secara tiga lapis: teori maqasid al-syariah sebagai filosofi hukum Islam (Auda, al-Raysuni, al-Qaradawi, Kamali, Ramadan, Hallaq) sebagai grand theory, teori integrasi ilmu berbasis tauhid dan Islamisasi ilmu (al-Attas, al-Faruqi, Kartanegara, Kuntowijoyo, Bakar, Rahman, Amin Abdullah) sebagai middle theory, serta teori implementasi maqasid dalam hukum, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan kecerdasan buatan (Susanto & Mukri, Hassan et al., Ahmed, Wahab & Kuswanjuno, Wahab & Mahdiya, Malik, Nurdi & Cahyadi, Widyanto et al., Hilabi, Hasnan et al., Awang et al., Baimakhanova, Thoriquttyas & Rohmawati, Mustaffha, Abidin & Affandy, Alqarny, Rifai et al.) sebagai applied theory. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa Maqasid al-Syariah menawarkan tiga kontribusi epistemologis fundamental: (1) reorientasi teleologis ilmu dan hukum Islam dari pendekatan tekstual-formalis ke pendekatan berbasis tujuan-tujuan luhur syariah (hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-'aql, hifz al-nasl, hifz al-mal); (2) sistem epistemologi terbuka yang mengintegrasikan wahyu, akal, pengalaman, dan data empirik dalam kerangka maqasid; serta (3) kerangka integrasi interdisiplin-transdisiplin yang mampu menjembatani disiplin hukum Islam dengan ilmu-ilmu kontemporer seperti ekonomi, pendidikan, dan teknologi kecerdasan buatan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa masa depan hukum Islam di era modern terletak pada rekonstruksi epistemologis berbasis maqasid, sehingga lahir hukum Islam yang adaptif terhadap perubahan zaman tanpa kehilangan akar normatifnya. Implikasi praktis adalah perlunya lembaga pendidikan tinggi Islam, lembaga fatwa, dan otoritas hukum Islam mengembangkan kurikulum berbasis maqasid, kapasitas ijtihad kontekstual, dan tata kelola fatwa berorientasi maqasid.
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