Beyond Conventional Schooling: Paradigma Baru Manajemen Pendidikan pada Era Society 5.0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/qb.v3i1.1197Keywords:
Beyond Conventional Schooling, Manajemen Pendidikan, Society 5.0, Transformasi Digital, Kecerdasan Buatan, Co-Governance, Ekosistem PembelajaranAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji paradigma baru manajemen pendidikan yang melampaui sekolah konvensional (beyond conventional schooling) dalam menjawab tantangan era Society 5.0 yang ditandai oleh integrasi kecerdasan buatan, internet of things, big data, dan siber-fisik dalam ekosistem pendidikan. Sekolah konvensional yang berbasis pada ruang-kelas terbatas, jadwal kaku, kurikulum seragam, dan relasi guru-siswa hierarkhis telah mengalami obsolesensi struktural ketika berhadapan dengan tuntutan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat, personalisasi pembelajaran, dan integrasi teknologi cerdas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian pustaka dan analisis paradigmatik-filosofis. Kerangka teoretis dibangun secara tiga lapis: teori masyarakat jaringan dan revolusi industri keempat (Castells, Schwab, Floridi, Drucker) sebagai grand theory, teori organisasi pembelajar dan inovasi pendidikan (Senge, Christensen & Eyring, Fullan & Scott, Siemens, Jarvis, Chesbrough) sebagai middle theory, serta teori transformasi digital pendidikan dan tata kelola perguruan tinggi era Society 5.0 (Shobri & Jaosantia, Rahmawati, Asad et al., Muanifah & Haq, Laura Icela et al., Telukdarie & Makoni, Marzouq, Samadhiya et al., Alfarizi et al., Yaras & Gunduzalp, Baihaqi et al., Marzuki & Sudrajat, Zuhri et al., Widiyanti & Fakhriyan, Živković et al., Fernández et al., Leal Filho et al., Nazyrova et al., Kang & Xu, Ukeje et al., Morgan, Mintzberg, Hargreaves, Altbach & de Wit, Etzkowitz) sebagai applied theory. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa paradigma baru manajemen pendidikan era Society 5.0 menuntut lima pergeseran fundamental: (1) dari ruang-kelas terbatas ke ekosistem pembelajaran tanpa batas; (2) dari kurikulum seragam ke personalisasi pembelajaran berbasis AI; (3) dari relasi guru-sisi hierarkhis ke relasi kolaboratif-kolegial; (4) dari tata kelola top-down ke co-governance multipihak; (5) dari pencapaian akademik terukur ke pengembangan agensi manusia multidimensi. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa masa depan manajemen pendidikan terletak pada reorientasi paradigmatik yang mengintegrasikan kecerdasan teknologi dengan kebijaksanaan manusiawi, melahirkan ekosistem pembelajaran yang adaptif, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan. Implikasi praktis adalah perlunya lembaga pendidikan mengembangkan kepemimpinan transformasional, infrastruktur digital, kompetensi dosen-guru digital, kemitraan triple helix, dan tata kelola berorientasi stakeholder.
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